Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests

influenza a ab eia

influenza a ab eia

Background

Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) are immunoassays that can identify the presence of influenza A and B viral nucleoprotein antigens in respiratory specimens, and display the result in a qualitative way (positive vs. negative) (1). In the United States, a number of RIDTs are commercially available. (See “Table 1: Influenza Virus Testing Methods” and “Table 2: Characteristics of Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests”.) The reference standards for laboratory confirmation of influenza virus infection in respiratory specimens are reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or viral culture. RIDTs can yield results in a clinically relevant time frame, i.e., less than approximately 15 minutes. However, RIDTs have limited sensitivity to detect influenza viruses in respiratory specimens compared to RT-PCR or viral culture and negative RIDT test results should be interpreted with caution given the potential for false negative results, especially during peak influenza activity in a community. Some RIDTs use analyzer reader devices to standardize result interpretation.

1 RIDTs do not include rapid molecular assays that have higher sensitivity to detect influenza viruses in respiratory specimens compared to RIDTs. See Guidance for Clinicians on the Use of RT-PCR and Other Molecular Assays for Diagnosis of Influenza Virus Infection for more information.

 

influenza a ab eia
influenza a ab eia

Advantages and Disadvantages of RIDTs

Advantages
  • Produce quick result in less than approximately 15 minutes, simple to perform
  • Some RIDTs are cleared for office/bedside use. RIDTs that have been CLIA waived can be used in settings that include point-of-care.
Disadvantages
  • Sub-optimal test sensitivity, false negative results are common, especially when influenza activity is high
  • Sensitivity of RIDTs to detect influenza B viral antigens is lower than for detection of influenza A viral antigens.
  • Although specificity is high, false positive results can also occur, especially during times when influenza activity is low.
  • Some RIDTs distinguish between influenza A or B viruses while others do not. RIDTs that provide results on the type of influenza virus (e.g., influenza A or B virus), do not provide information on influenza A virus subtype [e.g., A(H1N1)pdm09 versus A(H3N2)] or specific virus strain information (e.g., degree of similarity to vaccine strains). RIDTs cannot distinguish between seasonal influenza A virus infection and novel influenza A virus infection (due to infection with avian or variant influenza A viruses).

 

Use of RIDTs in Clinical Decision-making

RIDTs may be used to help with diagnostic and treatment decisions for patients in clinical settings, such as whether to prescribe antiviral medications. However, due to the limited sensitivities, negative results of RIDTs do not exclude influenza virus infection in patients with signs and symptoms suggestive of influenza. Therefore, if clinically indicated, antiviral treatment should not be withheld from patients with suspected influenza, even if they test negative by RIDT, and further influenza testing of respiratory specimens by molecular assays may be indicated. More information about Antiviral Drugs and recommendations on their use.

Testing is not needed for all patients with signs and symptoms of influenza to make antiviral treatment decisions (See Figures 1-4). Once influenza activity has been documented in the community or geographic area, a clinical diagnosis of influenza can be made for outpatients with signs and symptoms consistent with suspected influenza, especially during periods of peak influenza activity in the community.

 

FociSpot Path: Influenza B (NP)

4406-4AT-1 1 plate
EUR 147

FociSpot Path: Influenza B (NP)

4406-4AT-10 10 plates
EUR 672

Influenza B Virus IgA ELISA Kit

ESR1232A 96 Tests
EUR 372

Influenza B Virus IgG ELISA Kit

ESR1232G 96 Tests
EUR 372

Influenza B Virus IgM ELISA Kit

ESR1232M 96 Tests
EUR 409

Influenza B Virus IgA Control Serum

C1232A 3 mL
EUR 105

Influenza B Virus IgG Control Serum

C1232G 3 mL
EUR 105

Influenza B Virus IgM Control Serum

C1232M 3 mL
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Influenza A

GWB-761D8B 1 ml Ask for price

Influenza-A Hemagglutinin H1N1 (Influenza-A H1N1) Antibody

abx137717-100tests 100 tests
EUR 225

Influenza A H3N2

GWB-F34A79 1 ml Ask for price

Influenza A H1N1

GWB-B42E6F 1 ml Ask for price

Influenza-A H5N1

ant-073 5µg
EUR 60
Description: Mouse Anti-Human H5N1HA1

Influenza-A H3N2

ant-080 5µg
EUR 60
Description: Mouse Anti-Human H3N2HA1

Influenza-A H1N1

ant-214 10µg
EUR 60
Description: Mouse Anti Influenza-A Hemagglutinin H1N1

Influenza-A H3N2

ant-215 10µg
EUR 60
Description: Mouse Anti Influenza-A Hemagglutinin H3N2

Influenza-A H5N1

ant-216 10µg
EUR 60
Description: Mouse Anti Influenza-A Hemagglutinin H5N1

Influenza-A H5N1

ant-535 5µg
EUR 60
Description: Polyclonal Rabbit Anti Influenza-A Hemagglutinin H5N1

Influenza virus A

Oneq-VH045-OneqVH045100R Oneq-VH045-100R
EUR 1028

Influenza virus A

Oneq-VH045-OneqVH045150R Oneq-VH045-150R
EUR 1438

Influenza virus A

Oneq-VH045-OneqVH04550R Oneq-VH045-50R
EUR 728

Influenza virus A

PCR-VH045-PCRVH04548R PCR-VH045-48R
EUR 485

Influenza virus A

PCR-VH045-PCRVH04596R PCR-VH045-96R
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Influenza A Matrix

GWB-AB7E88 1 ml Ask for price

Recombinant Influenza A Influenza A HA Protein, His, Human-1mg

QP10486-1mg 1mg
EUR 1904.4

Influenza A protein

30-1002 100 ug
EUR 295
Description: Recombinant Influenza A protein (NP antigen)

Influenza A protein

30-1303 1 mg
EUR 200
Description: Purified native Influenza A protein

Influenza A protein

30-1304 1 mg
EUR 245
Description: Purified native Influenza A protein

Influenza A protein

30-1305 1 mg
EUR 245
Description: Purified native Influenza A protein

Influenza A protein

30-1306 1 ml
EUR 245
Description: Purified native Influenza A protein

Influenza A protein

30-AI50 1 ml
EUR 223
Description: Purified Influenza A protein (H1N1 strain)

Influenza A protein

30-AI60 1 ml
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Description: Purified Influenza A protein (H3N2 strain)

Influenza-A Paired

ant-651 100µg
EUR 165
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Recombinant Influenza A Influenza A HA Protein, His, Human-100ug

QP10486-100ug 100ug
EUR 392.4

Recombinant Influenza A Influenza A HA Protein, His, Human-500ug

QP10486-500ug 500ug
EUR 1186.8

Influenza A antibody

10-1096 500 ug
EUR 165
Description: Mouse monoclonal Influenza A antibody

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